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    Supplemental table of Unknowns. Categories of needed information are sub-divided into Coastal (C) and Offshore (O) components, since information requirements may differ for various locations. RED cells indicate major unknowns with poor data availability, YELLOW cells indicate limited information (some aspects from some regions may be known), and GREEN cells indicate no major unknowns and that available information is generally adequate. Moving the cursor over some cells will bring up more detailed information.
    In addition, the detailed information associated with these cells can be found below the table.
    A1 - at stock level for exploited fish, seabirds, mammals
    A5 - relative abundances at some aggregate level, averaged over space and time

    C1 - should know taxonomic diversity, currently unknown, knowable with genetic tools
    C2 - should know taxonomic diversity, currently unknown, knowable with genetic tools
    C5 - known in some regions at aggregate level; not highly variable??
    C7 - may be unknowable, probably don't need to know
    C8 - may be unknowable, probably don't need to know
    C9 - known in aggregate in some regions

    D1 - known at genus level or coarser; poorly known at species level, re-classification likely; taxonomic diversity important to know; genetic technology has promise
    D2 - known at genus level or coarser; poorly known at species level, re-classification likely; taxonomic diversity important to know; small phytoplankton more important in oceanic areas
    D3 - at current taxonomic resolution most taxa appear cosmopolitan, not likely at species level
    D4 - at current taxonomic resolution most taxa appear cosmopolitan, not likely at species level
    D5 - relative abundance known at aggregate level, may be adequate, knowable at species level with new genetic tools
    D6 - relative abundance known at aggregate level, may be adequate, knowable at species level with new genetic tools
    D7 - assumed to be simple, but largely unknown
    D8 - assumed to be simple, but largely unknown
    D9 - known at aggregate level (total productivity), across small and large phytoplankton. Size-fractionated or species-specific productivity unknown! Total productivity may be adequate and has high spatial resolution thanks to satellite observations. Subsurface productivity poorly known but may be relatively small
    D10 - known at aggregate level (total productivity). Size-fractionated or species-specific productivity unknown! Total productivity may be adequate and has high spatial resolution thanks to satellite observations. Subsurface productivity poorly known but may be relatively small (estimated at less than 10-20% of total). Fewer in-situ observations in oceanic areas
    D11 - spatial and temporal variability is known from satellite observations at aggregate level (small + large phytopl), assumed to be less for small phytoplankton
    D12 - less variable in oceanic env.??

    E4 - many transient, rare forms, not adequately sampled due to high temporal variability
    E5 - abundance estimates usually based on Chl. A, which includes small and large phytoplankton
    E6 - abundance estimates usually based on Chl. A, which includes small and large phytoplankton; poorly known due to undersampling and high variability
    E7 - unknown for many species; important issue for HAB species; knowable; genetic typing would be useful
    E8 - may be unknowable, not adequately sampled due to high variability in time and space
    E9 - known at aggregate level (total productivity). Size-fractionated or species-specific productivity unknown! Total productivity may be adequate and has high spatial resolution thanks to satellite observations. Subsurface productivity poorly known but may be relatively small
    E10 - known at aggregate level (total productivity). Size-fractionated or species-specific productivity unknown! Total productivity may be adequate and has high spatial resolution thanks to satellite observations. Subsurface productivity poorly known but may be relatively small (estimated at less than 10-20% of total); fewer in-situ observations in oceanic areas
    E11 - spatial and temporal variability is known from satellite observations at aggregate level

    F4 - distribution of hard-shell forms well described by paleontologists
    F7 - may not be necessary to know detailed life history
    F8 - may not be necessary to know detailed life history

    G1 - stock structure unknowable or absent (not considered)
    G2 - gaps in deeper ocean
    G4 - general distribution known, not small-scale distribution
    G6 - due to lack of sampling, less information below 150m
    G7 - well known in many locations for abundant taxa, poorly known for others
    G8 - well known in many locations for abundant taxa, poorly known for others
    G9 - few estimates that may not be representative, practically unknowable, barrring new technology
    G10 - few estimates that may not be representative, practically unknowable, barring new technology; less sampling than in coastal ocean; lack of adequate time series
    G11 - magnitude of variability known for some ragions/species
    G12 - magnitude of variability unknown for most regions / almost all species

    H1 - known by experts, but not widely known, # of experts small and declining
    H3 - not known for many forms due to gear selectivity and extreme patchiness
    H4 - not known for most forms due to gear selectivity and extreme patchiness & lack of sampling
    H5 - not sampled quantitatively, extreme patchiness, extreme temporal variability
    H6 - not sampled quantitatively, extreme patchiness, extreme temporal variability
    H7 - probably specialist knowledge?? Known for few species
    H8 - probably special knowledge?? Known for few species
    H11 - known to be extremely high, both spatially and temporally, causes largely unknown; unknowable??
    H12 - known to be extremely high

    I1 - species level, stock level not considered; better known for macrofauna & macroalgae, poorly known for meiofauna
    I3 - substrate associations and distribution of substrates known in many cases
    I5 - relative abundances known for macrofauna where surveys have been conducted
    I11 - natural variability known for surveyed areas, vulnerable to disturbance, but effects of disturbance unknown
    I12 - assumed to be low, but unknown

    J1 - known at species level, not at stock level
    J2 - known at species level, not at stock level
    J4 - general distributional range known for many species, but poorly known in most cases due to sparse, selective sampling
    J5 - known in areas where surveys have been done, but no surveys in many regions, unknown for many species
    J6 - known in few cases where surveys have been done, but most species poorly sampled by standard sampling gear, best information for epipelagics, least for bathypelagics
    J11 - more information in areas with surveys, but generally poorly known

    K1 - known at species level, not at stock level for most species (except salmonids)
    K2 - known at species level, not at stock level
    K5 - relative abundances known, but quantitative estimates may be poor
    K6 - relative abundances known, but quantitative estimates may be poor
    K7 - known for most species, but life history stages of many species poorly known
    K8 - known for most species, but life history stages of many species poorly known
    K11 - we know magnitude of variability, but not the causes

    L1 - known at species level and "stock" level
    L3 - better known than for most species due to return to land; fine scale distribution at sea not as well as known
    L5 - known for some species, unknown for most species, but knowable and estimates exist for most
    L6 - known for some species, unknown for most species, but knowable and estimates exist for most
    L9 - numerous colonies monitored, but unknown for most places / species
    L10 - numerous colonies monitored, but unknown for most places / species

    M1 - known at species level, not at stock level
    M2 - known at species level, not at stock level
    M3 - poorly known for some species, mostly known
    M4 - poorly known for some species, mostly known
    M6 - not well known for some extra / regions
    M10 - cetaceans better known in western than eastern Pacific, known for more abundant species
    M11 - regular surveys for more abundant species, no surveys for most rare species
    M12 - few repeated observations, observed for many years but few generations, variability related to generation time


     
     
    at stock level for exploited fish, seabirds, mammals relative abundances at some aggregate level, averaged over space and time should know taxonomic diversity, currently unknown, knowable with genetic tools should know taxonomic diversity, currently unknown, knowable with genetic tools known in some regions at aggregate level; not highly variable?? may be unknowable, probably don't need to know may be unknowable, probably don't need to know known in aggregate in some regions known at genus level or coarser; poorly known at species level, re-classification likely; taxonomic diversity important to know; genetic technology has promise known at genus level or coarser; poorly known at species level, re-classification likely; taxonomic diversity important to know; small phytoplankton more important in oceanic areas at current taxonomic resolution most taxa appear cosmopolitan, not likely at species level relative abundance known at aggregate level, may be adequate, knowable at species level with new genetic tools at current taxonomic resolution most taxa appear cosmopolitan, not likely at species level relative abundance known at aggregate level, may be adequate, knowable at species level with new genetic tools assumed to be simple, but largely unknown known at aggregate level (total productivity). Size-fractionated or species-specific productivity unknown! Total productivity may be adequate and has high spatial resolution thanks to satellite observations. Subsurface productivity poorly known but may be relatively small (estimated at less than 10-20% of total). Fewer in-situ observations in oceanic areas assumed to be simple, but largely unknown less variable in oceanic env.?? known at aggregate level (total productivity), across small and large phytoplankton. Size-fractionated or species-specific productivity unknown! Total productivity may be adequate and has high spatial resolution thanks to satellite observations. Subsurface productivity poorly known but may be relatively small spatial and temporal variability is known from satellite observations at aggregate level (small + large phytopl), assumed to be less for small phytoplankton many transient, rare forms, not adequately sampled due to high temporal variability abundance estimates usually based on Chl. A, which includes small and large phytoplankton; poorly known due to undersampling and high variability abundance estimates usually based on Chl. A, which includes small and large phytoplankton unknown for many species; important issue for HAB species; knowable; genetic typing would be useful may be unknowable, not adequately sampled due to high variability in time and space known at aggregate level (total productivity). Size-fractionated or species-specific productivity unknown! Total productivity may be adequate and has high spatial resolution thanks to satellite observations. Subsurface productivity poorly known but may be relatively small known at aggregate level (total productivity). Size-fractionated or species-specific productivity unknown! Total productivity may be adequate and has high spatial resolution thanks to satellite observations. Subsurface productivity poorly known but may be relatively small (estimated at less than 10-20% of total); fewer in-situ observations in oceanic areas spatial and temporal variability is known from satellite observations at aggregate level distribution of hard-shell forms well described by paleontologists may not be necessary to know detailed life history may not be necessary to know detailed life history stock structure unknowable or absent (not considered) gaps in deeper ocean general distribution known, not small-scale distribution due to lack of sampling, less information below 150m well known in many locations for abundant taxa, poorly known for others well known in many locations for abundant taxa, poorly known for others few estimates that may not be representative, practically unknowable, barrring new technology few estimates that may not be representative, practically unknowable, barring new technology; less sampling than in coastal ocean; lack of adequate time series magnitude of variability known for some ragions/species species level, stock level not considered; better known for macrofauna & macroalgae, poorly known for meiofauna substrate associations and distribution of substrates known in many cases relative abundances known for macrofauna where surveys have been conducted magnitude of variability unknown for most regions / almost all species known by experts, but not widely known, # of experts small and declining not known for many forms due to gear selectivity and extreme patchiness not sampled quantitatively, extreme patchiness, extreme temporal variability not sampled quantitatively, extreme patchiness, extreme temporal variability probably specialist knowledge?? Known for few species known to be extremely high, both spatially and temporally, causes largely unknown; unknowable?? known to be extremely high natural variability known for surveyed areas, vulnerable to disturbance, but effects of disturbance unknown assumed to be low, but unknown known at species level, not at stock level known at species level, not at stock level general distributional range known for many species, but poorly known in most cases due to sparse, selective sampling known in areas where surveys have been done, but no surveys in many regions, unknown for many species known in few cases where surveys have been done, but most species poorly sampled by standard sampling gear, best information for epipelagics, least for bathypelagics more information in areas with surveys, but generally poorly known known at species level, not at stock level for most species (except salmonids) known at species level, not at stock level relative abundances known, but quantitative estimates may be poor relative abundances known, but quantitative estimates may be poor known for most species, but life history stages of many species poorly known known for most species, but life history stages of many species poorly known we know magnitude of variability, but not the causes known at species level and "stock" level better known than for most species due to return to land; fine scale distribution at sea not as well as known known for some species, unknown for most species, but knowable and estimates exist for most known for some species, unknown for most species, but knowable and estimates exist for most numerous colonies monitored, but unknown for most places / species known at species level, not at stock level known at species level, not at stock level poorly known for some species, mostly known poorly known for some species, mostly known cetaceans better known in western than eastern Pacific, known for more abundant species regular surveys for more abundant species, no surveys for most rare species few repeated observations, observed for many years but few generations, variability related to generation time not known for most forms due to gear selectivity and extreme patchiness & lack of sampling not well known for some extra / regions numerous colonies monitored, but unknown for most places / species
     
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